Babbitt-casting process and means



. Sept. 8, 1925.

A. L. MUNRO ETYAL BABBITT CASTING PROCESS AND MEANS Filed Feb. 14, 1924 3 Inveniorfi flZemnaZerl Jfzazra .522706 flfiumpeZ 5 pi wz;

Attorngfi Patented Sept. 8, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1,552,444 PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER- L. MUNRO AND HARVEY H. ItUMPELpoF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, AS- SIGNORS T SMITH? ENGINEERING WORKS, 01E"v MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CO'R- PORATION OF WISCONSIN.

BAIBBITT-GASTING PROCESS AND MEANS.

Application filed February 14, 1924. Serial No. 692,625.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALEXANDER L.

MUNRo and HARVEY H. RUMPEL, the former a citizen of the Dominion of Canada, and asubject and servant of the King of Great Britain, and the latter a citizen of the United States, both residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of VVisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in a Babbitt-Casting Process and Means, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to means and to a process for producing Babbitt bearings, and particularly to a means for and a process of producing Babbitt bearings for use with crushers wherein a large shaft is surrounded by an elongated Babbitt sleeve which is virtually a thin skin of Babbitt metal between the shaft and the cylindrical surfaced member which surrounds it. Another object is the production of an improved Babbitt bearing which will be durable and simple to install. Another object is the provision of a method for pouring Babbitt bearings which will permit the use of a harder material than could have in the past been advantageously poured in; v such thin form. Other objects will appear from time to time in the course of the specification and claims.

We illustrate our invention more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved Babbitt mould or mandrel;

Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 22 of Figure l, with the babbitt in position therein;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the babbitg removed from the mould or mandrel; an

Figure 4c is a partial cross section through the Babbitt mandrel showing the casting of babbitts with a portion cut away for an oil channel, illustrating a variation in the formation of the key.

Like parts are illustrated by like characters throughout the specification and drawin s.

i. is one half a Babbitt mandrel or mould which is provided with outwardly project- ,ing fins as at A A which are slotted along their edges for bolts as at A A A, A are interior bolt holes.

through the mandrel shells are the connecting channels U, C separated by the bridges C G through some of which pass the bolt holes A. These channels enter the key way G3. a

I D, D are taper pegs adapted to form holes in the completed babbitts and D are bars inserted between the mandrel and the central core and aligned with said taper pegs, and are adapted to separate the bearings being poured into a plurality of sections or staves. It will be understood that the taper pegs or bars may be integral. Applicants prefer to insert two of said peg and bar assemblies between the central core and the mandrel, the pair being diametrically opposed and at points 90". removed from the key ways C but obviously the number of staves could be increased by increasing the number of bars used, or spacing them at smaller intervals about the mandrel.

In the use of Babbitt bearings, for example with gyratory crushers, a pair of sleeves is frequently used, one of smaller diameter being intermediate the shaft of the crushing head and the eccentric sleeve which surrounds it, and the other of larger diameter being between said eccentric sleeve and the outer bearing thereabout. In such case to facilitate the passage of oil, the inner sleeve may be cut away about a portion of its circumference, some times to the extent of one-fifth of the entire circumference of the sleeve, one-half being taken, for example, from one semi-cylinder and the other half from the other. In casting semi-cylinders of this type, it is merely necessary to increase the dimensions of the bar 1) on one side of the cylinder, as shown in Figure 4.

Whereas we have shown in Figure 1 the the key projects outwardly from the bearing cylinder, it may, under some circumstances, be preferable to reverse the position of the key, having it project inwardly instead of outwardly, as shown in Figure 4.

Babbitt bearings of great length and diameter are used in heavy machinery, for example in crushing machinery. In the past it has been customary to build up such bearings with a large number of staves which are easy to pour but difficult to insert in the machine and to adjust. Applicants have vastly simplified this practice by employing cylindrical bearings consisting of two semicylindrical portions. Each of these semicylindrical portions is kept in position by an integrally cast key.

In pouring a stave of such extended surface and thinness, one of the problems met is to provide a sufiiciently hard Babbitt metal which will fill the entire casing before it hardens. The more freely flowing metals of a larger lead content and with a smaller proportion of harder metals are not strong enough or wear resistant enough to give maximum efficiency. This problem has been met by the use of a form of mandrel or shell or mould which permits of a very rapid diffusion of the molten metal. We employ a shell which may be formed of two semicylindrical segments which are bolted together about a center core and are so spaced therefrom as to leave a thin substantially cylindrical space between core and shell. In

the walls of the shell and at points diametrically opposed we provide a riser or pourmg channel of large cross sectlonal area preferably tapered from top to bottom.

Along the length of each of these risers we provide a series of elongated pouring slits separated by bridges but formmg a practi cally continuous inlet for the molten metal I from top to bottom of the riser. These slits lead into a vertical groove in the shell which serves to shape the externally projecting and integrally cast key of each Babbltt segment or stave.

This key space, in the pouring of the metal, assists greatly in permitting easy access of the molten metal and its ready flow through the restricted portion of the mould, forming in efiect a supplemental pouring passage almost continuous with the risers. As the metal is poured into the pouring gates at the top of the risers and aligned with these key ways, it-almost simultaneously enters the key way through the vertically aligned openings and flows laterally about the center core. The extension of the metal about the inner core is so rapid and so nearly simultaneous that the tendency to harden and clog and fault is practically entirely eliminated. Babbitt metal with a relatively large copper content can be poured,

in this manner without premature hardening and resultant fault.

magma lhe difi'usion of metal in the mould is limited by the vertical bars D and thus by one pouring and about a single core we simultaneously form the two semi-cylindrical staves trimmed off and the staves are complete.

There is no tendency whatever for air to trap in the bottom of the mould or for the metal which reaches the bottom' of the mould to harden faster than the metal which fills the top. The metal poured into the riser passages flows first into the bottom of the mould, although in fact the molten metal flows practically simultaneously into the mould at all levels.

While we have shown a, specific form of Q mandrel mould and sleeve with some modifications, it will be realized that many changes in size, shape, number and disposition of parts might be made, and in the process of moulding, without departingfr'om; the spirit of our invention, and we therefore-- wish our description and drawings to be taken as in a large sense diagrammatic, and not as rigidly limited to the specific form or forms shown.

We claim: Y

1. The process of forming thin walled cy lindrical Babbitt bearings which consists in introducing the molten metal into the mould substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels along said mould.

2. Thegrocess of forming thin walled cylindrical abbitt bearings which consists in introducin the molten metal into the mould substantial y simultaneously at a plurality of levels along said mould, at a plurality of points laterally spaced about said levels.

3. The process of forming thin walled cylindrical abbitt bearings which consists in introducing molten metal into the mould substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels alon a. plurality of points spaced 1 introducing molten metal into the mould substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels along a plurality of points spaced along a plurality of vertical axes parallel to the axis of the mould.

'5. lhe process of forming thin-walled substantially cylindrical Babbitt bearings with projecting keys which consists in introducin the molten metal into the mould along said keys substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels alon said mould.

6. The process of orming thin-walled,

multiple stave, cylindrical Babbitt bearings with keys projecting from the staves, which consists in introducing the molten metal into the mould along said keys substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels along said mould, and limiting the lateral flow of the metal entering the mould along lines intermediate said keys.

7 The process of forming thin walled cylindrical Babbitt bearings which consists in introducing molten metal into the mould substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels along a plurality of points spaced along. a plurality of vertical axes, parallel to the axis of themould, and limiting the lateral flow of the metal entering the mould along said vertical axes, intermediate said axes..

8. The process of forming thin walled, multiple stave, substantially cylindrical Babbitt bearings with keys projecting from the staves, which consists in introducing molten metal into the mould along said keys substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels, and limiting the lateral flow of the metal entering the mould, along lines substantially mid-way between said keys.

9. The process of forming thin walled cylindrical Babbitt bearings which consists in introducing molten metal into the mould substantially simultaneously at a plurality of levels along a plurality of points spaced along a pair of diametrically opposed vertical axes, parallel to the axis of the mould, and limiting the lateral flow of the metal entering the mould along said vertical axes, along a line substantially mid-way between said axes.

10. The process of pouring a Babbitt hearing, which consists in providing an outer shell, positioning an inner shell therewithin, to leave a substantially cylindrical space hetweenthe outer and inner shell, placing a pair of diametrically opposed longitudinal separations between and from end to end of said inner and outer shell, and introducing molten metal substantially simultaneously from end to end of said shell along diametrically opposed vertical axes, mid-.

' passages and by a plurality of connections waybetween said vertical separations.

11. In a mould for Babbitt bearings, a substantially cylindrical core, a containing shell spaced therefrom and having an inner surface substantially concentric therewith, said shell being penetrated by a plurality of substantially-vertical inlet passages and by a plurality of connections between said I verflical passages and the interior of said she '12. In a mould for Babbitt bearings,a

substantially cylindrical core, a containing shell spaced therefrom and'having an inner surface substantially concentric therewith, said shell being enetrated by a luralit-v of substantially vertical inlet passages and by a plurality of spaced, elongated slits between said vertical passages and the interior of said shell.

13. In a mould for Babbitt bearings, a substantially cylindrical core, a containing shell spaced therefrom and havin an inner surface substantially concentric therewith, said shell comprising a plurality of sections, and means for securing them about the core, said shell being penetrated by a plurality of substantially vertical inlet passages. and by a plurality of connections between said ver tical pamges and the interior of said shell.

14. In a mould for Babbitt bearings, a

' shell, the inner surface of said shell being vertically grooved to form a projecting 'key for the finished bearing, sa1d groove being enetrated by said connections.

15. n a mould for Babbitt bearings, a substantially cylindrical core, a containing shell spaced therefrom and having an inner surface substantially concentric therewith, said shell being penetrated by aplurality of substantially vertical inlet passages and by a plurality of spaced, elongated slitsbetween said vertical passages and the interior of said shell, the inner surface of said shell being vertically grooved to form a projecting key for the finished bearing, said groove being penetrated by said slits.

16. .In a mould for Babbitt bearings, a plurality of opposed mould elements comprising a substantially cylindrical core,-and a containing shell spaced therefrom, and having an inner surface substantially concentric therewith,-said shell being penetrated by a plurality of substantially vertical inlet between said vertical passages and the interior of said shell, one of said opposed mould members being vertically grooved to form a projecting "key for the finished bearing, said groove being aligned with said vertical passages. 7

Signed at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this 8th day of February 1924.

. ALEXANDER L. MUNRO.

HARVEY H. RUMPEL. 

